Endocrine Disruptors Linked to Birth Defects Needing Surgery
NonToxCo Research
Science & Safety Team · 4/7/2026
Babies exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the womb are more likely to be born with defects that need surgery. Boys are hit hardest.
66 Studies, 35,732 People
Researchers reviewed 66 studies covering 35,732 participants to determine if prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors increases birth defect risk. It does, according to a 2026 meta-analysis in J Pediatr Surg.
The chemicals studied included phthalates, bisphenols, PFAS, and organochlorines. All are found in everyday products: plastic containers, food packaging, nonstick cookware, and personal care items.
Boys' Bodies Are Most Affected
The strongest links were between endocrine disruptor exposure and male urogenital malformations (problems with the reproductive and urinary systems) and cardiac anomalies (heart defects). These are birth defects that require pediatric surgery to correct.
The review also found associations with gastrointestinal and neural defects. Nearly two-thirds of the included studies were rated high quality.
What You Can Do
During pregnancy, avoid plastic food storage, fragranced products, and nonstick cookware. Choose glass or stainless steel. Read labels for phthalates and BPA. And explore non-toxic baby products to protect your child from the start.
Also see glass food storage for safer alternatives.