Are pesticide residues in produce dangerous during pregnancy?

What's actually in it

Chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D are two of the most commonly used pesticides in the U.S. Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate used on fruits and vegetables. 2,4-D is a herbicide used on lawns, golf courses, and crops. Residues from both chemicals end up in food. They also drift and contaminate water near agricultural areas.

Both chemicals cross the placenta. The developing nervous system is particularly sensitive to their effects.

What the research says

A 2026 study in Reprod Toxicol measured prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D and tracked outcomes in children. Prenatal exposure to both chemicals was associated with measurable developmental effects in offspring. The researchers found associations with motor and cognitive outcomes consistent with known neurotoxic mechanisms of these pesticides.

Chlorpyrifos was banned for food use in the EU and partially restricted in the U.S. 2,4-D remains widely used.

Washing produce reduces but doesn't eliminate surface residues. Peeling removes more. The Environmental Working Group's Dirty Dozen list highlights the highest-residue fruits and vegetables where organic is most worth it. Store all produce and food in glass food storage.