Can BPA-free products still cause liver damage?
Possibly. A 2025 study found that BPS, a common BPA replacement in household products, promotes liver fibrosis through inflammation pathways.
What's actually in it
Bisphenol S (BPS) is one of the most common BPA replacements. It's in "BPA-free" water bottles, food containers, receipt paper, and can linings. Like BPA, BPS enters your body through food and skin contact.
What the research says
A 2025 study in Toxicol Appl Pharmacol found that BPS promotes liver fibrosis (scarring) by driving macrophage polarization and activating liver stellate cells. The mechanism is similar to how chronic alcohol use causes liver damage.
"BPA-free" products aren't necessarily safer. Choose glass and stainless steel over any plastic for food and drink containers.
The research at a glance
| Study | Journal | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Bisphenol S promotes hepatic fibrosis through macrophage polarization- and autophagy-mediated activation of hepatic stellate cells. | Toxicol Appl Pharmacol | 2025 |
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