Do biodegradable and bio-based food containers leach chemicals into food?

What's actually in it

Bio-based and biodegradable food containers are marketed as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional plastic. They're made from materials like PLA (polylactic acid), bagasse (sugarcane), bamboo fiber, and palm leaf. But "plant-based" doesn't automatically mean chemical-free. These containers are treated with coatings, binders, and processing chemicals to make them waterproof and durable.

What the research says

A 2026 study in Anal Bioanal Chem tested bio-based and biodegradable food packaging using advanced chemical analysis and cell-based bioassays. The researchers found that these containers released hundreds of chemicals, many of which hadn't been identified before. Some of the chemical extracts showed biological activity in cell tests, meaning they could affect human cells.

In some cases, the bio-based containers released more biologically active chemicals than conventional petroleum-based plastics. The coatings used to make plant-based materials water-resistant were a major source of leaching.

Don't assume "eco-friendly" packaging is safer for food contact. Use glass or stainless steel for storing and reheating food. If you use bio-based containers, avoid putting hot or fatty foods in them.